Persecution of Jews in the Roman and Byzantine Empires

The first Christian Roman Emperor, Constantine, issued the Edict of Milan in the 4th century and caused Jews to lose many rights and were no longer permitted to live in Jerusalem or to proselytize.

Constantius was a Christian Roman Emperor during the 4th century and was the son of Constantine. He created laws that were beneficial to Christian clergy and limited the rights of the Jews.

During 388, a Christian mob led by a bishop looted and burnt down a synagogue in Callinicum. Ambrose defended the bishop responsible and the Emperor did not punish him.

Leo III of Constantinople, in 722, outlawed Judaism and forced Jews to convert to Christianity.

In 1253, Emperor of Nicaea, John Vatatzes, committed legal persecution of the Jews and ordered that the Jews within the Empire of Nicaea to convert to Christianity.

The papacy and Christian church councils
The popes of the papacy and Christian church councils have made laws restricting Jewish people, which includes Jews being prohibited from holding public office, prohibited from the construction of synagogues, prohibited from testifying against Christians, being forced to live in ghettos and forced to wear a Jewish badge and hat.