Persecution of Jews in Italy

Roman and Byzantine Empires
Under Christian emperors, Jews were persecuted in the Roman and Byzantine Empires, including forced conversions to Christianity, forbidding Jews from marrying Christians, restricting Jews from holding public office, and Jews weren't allowed to own slaves as Christians can.

The papacy
The popes of the papacy have made laws restricting Jewish people, which includes Jews being prohibited from holding public office, prohibited from the construction of synagogues, prohibited from testifying against Christians, being forced to live in ghettos, and being forced to wear a Jewish badge and hat.

Holy Roman Empire
In the 15th century, Holy Roman Emperor Albert II imprisoned, burned, and banished Jews from Austria. He ordered the children of the murdered Jews to be forcibly baptized into Christianity. He later bragged: “... I burned my Jews.”

Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I (reigned from late 15th to early 16th century) decreed the expulsion of Jews from Styria. Catholic theologian Johannes Pfefferkorn was authorized by Maximilian to confiscate Jewish books.