Crusades

The Crusades were religious wars initiated by Pope Urban II in 1095 during the medieval period. The Crusaders were composed of Christians. The Crusaders massacred and forced Jews to convert to Christianity in multiple towns and destroyed the houses and synagogues of the Jews during the Rhineland massacres in 1096. The Crusaders arrived at Jerusalem during the First Crusade and massacred many of the city's Muslim and Jewish inhabitants.