Persecution of Jews in Germany

Roman emperors
Under Christian emperors, Jews were persecuted in the Roman Empire, which included forbidding Jews from marrying Christians, restricting Jewish ownership of slaves, and punishing those that converted from Christianity to Judaism.

Dagobert I
Frankish King Dagobert I gave Jews the alternatives of conversion to Christianity or exile in 629. Those that did not convert or leave his dominions were killed.

Massacres of the 1010s
In the 1010s, Jews were massacred in Mainz and other places near the Rhine river.

Crusaders
The Crusaders were composed of Christians and they massacred and forced Jews to convert to Christianity in multiple towns and destroyed the houses and synagogues of the Jews in the late 11th century and the mid-12th century during the First and Second Crusades. They persecuted, forcefully converted, forcefully baptized, and killed Jews in Speyer, Worms, Cologne, Regensburg, Trier, Neuss, Eller, Xanten, Kerpen, Geldern, Ellen, and hundreds of Jews died in Mainz during the Rhineland massacres of 1096.

Blood libels
Jews were murdered after blood libels, which falsely accuses Jews of having killed Christian children for rituals, in Boppard in 1179, Fulda in 1235, Kitzingen in 1243, Pforzheim in 1267, Mainz in 1281 and 1283, Munich in 1285, and Oberwesel in 1287.

Host desecration accusations
Jews were murdered after accusations of host desecration in Beelitz in 1243, Röttingen in 1298 (part of the Rintfleisch massacres), Deggendorf in 1337, Passau in 1478, Mecklenburg in 1492, Brandenburg and Berlin in 1510. Jews were also expelled from Passau and Brandenburg. Beginning in 1298, thousands of Jews were killed in Germany by a Christian mob led by Rintfleisch.

Persecution of Jews during the Black Death
Jews were falsely blamed for the Black Death or bubonic plague pandemic in Europe during the mid-1300s. They were persecuted and massacred. Jews were often used by Christians to blame due to their resentment of them considering the antisemitic Christian belief that Jews as a people hold the responsibility for killing Jesus Christ or Jewish deicide. Many Jews were murdered in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, and the Netherlands.

John of Capistrano
In the 15th century, Franciscan John of Capistrano's sermons incited Christians to expel Jews from Neustadt.

Maximilian I
Catholic theologian Johannes Pfefferkorn was authorized by Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I to confiscate Jewish books.